Honeywell GPS Receiver KLN 90B GPS User Manual

KLN 90B GPS

Abbreviated Operation Manual

Rev. 1

ORS 20

PREVIEW OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.0 TURN ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.0 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.1 Page Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.2 Entering Waypoint Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.3 The Duplicate Waypoint Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.0 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.0 DIRECT TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.1 Direct To - Procedure A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.2 Direct To - Procedure B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4.3 Direct To - Procedure C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4.4 To Recenter The D-Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.5 To Proceed Direct To Another Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.6 Cancelling Direct To Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5.0 THE NAVIGATION PAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.1 The Navigation 1 Page (NAV 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.2 The Super NAV 1 Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.3 The Navigation 2 Page (NAV 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.4 The Navigation 3 Page (NAV 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.5 The Navigation 4 Page (NAV 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.6 The Navigation 5 Page (NAV 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.7 The Super NAV 5 Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6.0 MESSAGE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7.0 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8.0 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8.1 Selecting The Desired Waypoint Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8.2 The Airport 1 Page (APT 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

8.3 The Airport 2 Page (APT 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

8.4 The Airport 3 Page (APT 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

8.5 The Airport 4 Page (APT 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

8.6 The Airport 5 Page (APT 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

8.7 The Airport 6 Page (APT 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

8.8 The Airport 7 Page (APT 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8.9 The Airport 8 Page (APT 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8.10 The VOR Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

8.11 The NBD Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

8.12 The Intersection Page (INT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

8.13 The Supplemental Waypoint Page (SUP) . . . . . . . . . . . 32

9.0 NEAREST AIRPORTS, VORS, AND NBDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

9.1 Viewing The Nearest Airports, VORs, And NDBs . . . . . . 33

9.2 Nearest Airports In An Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

9.3 Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

9.4 Selecting The Nearest Airport Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

10.0 CREATING USER WAYPOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

10.1 Creating A Waypoint At The Present Position . . . . . . . . 36

10.2 Creating A Waypoint As A Radial And Distance . . . . . . . . .

From Another Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

10.3 Creating a Waypoint By Entering A Latitude/ . . . . . . . . . . .

Longitude Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

11.0 DELETING USER WAYPOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

12.0 CREATING AND MODIFYING FLIGHT PLANS . . . . . . . . 38

12.1 Creating A Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

12.2 Activating An Numbered Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

12.3 Adding A Waypoint To A Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

12.4 Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

12.5 Deleting Flight Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

12.6 Storing FPL 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . 42

13.0 OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN . . . . . . 43

13.1 General Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

13.2 Turn Anticipation And Waypoint Alerting . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

13.3 Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan . .

Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

13.4 Combining Direct To And Flight Plan Operation . . . . . . . 45

13.5 The Distance/Time Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

13.6 The Distance/Time 1 Page (D/T 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

13.7 The Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

13.8 The Distance/Time 3 Page (D/T 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

13.9 The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

14.0 ALTITUDE ALERTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

15.0 UPDATING THE DATA BASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

16.0 ITEMS NOT COVERED IN THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . 52

PREVIEW OF OPERATION

To give you an idea of how easy the KLN 90B is to operate, the following

operational preview is presented. This operational preview assumes the

KLN 90B has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational

in the same general geographical location, and that no peripheral equip-

ment interfaced with the KLN 90B (such as external HSIs, CDIs, autopi-

lots, RMIs, fuel flow systems, moving map displays, etc.) is to be used at

this time. If you are using this operational preview in flight, do so only in

good VFR conditions and only with an alternate means of navigation avail-

able to cross-check position.

1. Push the power/brightness knob located in the upper right corner of the

unit to the “in” position.

2. After a few seconds of warm up, the screen will show a Turn-On page

with the words SELF TEST IN PROGRESS at the bottom of the page.

Rotate the power/brightness knob to select the desired screen bright-

ness. After a few seconds the Turn-On page will automatically be

replaced with the Self Test page. (Note: If the KLN 90B is being used in

the take-home mode, a Take-Home Warning page is displayed before

the Self Test page and must be acknowledged by pressing E). The

Self Test page is recognizable because it shows the date and time on

the right side. The bottom left side of the Self Test page must display

ANNUN ON to indicate that the KLN 90B has passed an internal self

test.

In most KLN 90B installations the first two characters of the altimeter set-

ting BARO field will be highlighted in inverse video (dark characters on a

light background) on the right side of the screen. This area of inverse

video is called the cursor. Use the right inner knob to select the correct

first two characters of the altimeter setting. Next, turn the right outer

knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over the third character of

the altimeter setting. Use the right inner knob to select the correct

number. Once again turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to

position the cursor over the last character of the altimeter setting. Use

the right inner knob to complete entering the correct altimeter setting.

Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the word

APPROVE? if the cursor is not there already. Press E to approve the

Self Test page. (Note: If the KLN 90B is installed for VFR only operation,

a VFR only warning page is displayed after the self test page has been

approved. This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing E. If

the KLN 90B has an external GPS CRS switch and the switch is in the

OBS position, then an OBS warning page will be presented after the self

test page has been approved. Press the GPS CRS button to put the unit

into the LEG mode. After the GPS CRS button indicates LEG, then the

KLN 90B will continue the start-up process.)

3. A database page is now displayed showing the date the database

expires or the date it expired. Press E to acknowledge the information

displayed on this page.

4. A page displaying the letters PRESENT POS at the top will now be on

the left side of the screen. In a couple of minutes or less, this page will

display the aircraft’s present position. It shows the position both in lati-

tude/longitude and in terms of the radial and distance from a nearby

VOR. Verify that the position is correct before proceeding.

5. Press the D button. A page with the words DIRECT TO is now

displayed on the left. In step 6 you will enter the identifier of the destina-

tion airport. The identifier will have a “K” prefix for a Continental U.S. air-

port, a “C” prefix for a Canadian airport, or a “P” prefix for an Alaskan air-

port if the identifier is all letters. For example, LAX becomes KLAX. If

the airport identifier contains any numbers, there is no prefix. For

example, TX04 is entered as TX04. For other areas of the world the

airport identifier entered should be identical to how it is charted.

6. Rotate the left inner knob until the first character of the airport identifier is

displayed. Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the

flashing segment to the second character position. Rotate the left inner

knob to select the second character of the identifier. Use this procedure

to enter the complete airport identifier.

7. Press E. The right side will display a page showing the identifier,

name, and position of the airport just entered. Confirm that the correct

airport is displayed. Press E a second time to approve the airport

data.

8. A Navigation page is now on the right side of the screen. It displays the

distance, ETE, and bearing to the destination airport. In addition, it dis-

plays groundspeed, and a course deviation indicator. If the left inner

knob is rotated one step counterclockwise, you will get an enlarged

Navigation page occupying the entire screen.

This abbreviated operation manual describes many of the frequently used

features of the KLN 90B in a condensed format for your convenience. It

does not replace the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide. The KLN 90B has many very

useful features which are not described in this manual. Be sure to keep

your KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide with you in the aircraft to use as a reference.

IMPORTANT: This abbreviated operation manual does not include any

information on how to use the KLN 90B for flying approaches or

SID/STAR procedures. Refer to the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide and the aircraft

flight manual supplement for instructions on these procedures.

1.0 TURN ON

• Push the Power/Brightness knob located in the upper right corner of unit

to the “in” position. The unit is turned off by pulling this knob to the “out”

position.

• After a few seconds of warm up, the screen will show a Turn-On page

with the words SELF TEST IN PROGRESS at the bottom.

• Rotate the Power/Brightness knob to select the desired screen brightness.

• After a few moments the Turn-On page will automatically be replaced

with the Self Test page. The Self Test page is recognizable because it

shows the date and time on the right side. (Note: If the unit is in the take-

home mode, a page stating that the unit is in the Take-Home mode will

appear before the Self Test page. Press E to acknowledge the state-

ment and to bring up the Self Test page.)

• Verify that the information shown on the left side of the Self Test page is

correct and that ANNUN ON is displayed in the bottom left corner. If

TEST FAIL is displayed, the KLN 90B has failed an internal self test and

should not be used for navigation. If the KLN 90B is interfaced with the

left/right deviation bar (D-Bar) of an HSI or CDI, the D-Bar should be half

scale to the right. In some installations where the KLN 90B is interfaced

with certain EFIS systems the D-bar will be about one third scale to the

right. If interfaced to a compatible RMI, the RMI should be pointing to

130 degrees. If interfaced to a compatible DME indicator, the DME indi-

cator should display 34.5 nm. If necessary, refer to the KLN 90B Pilot’s

Guide for more information.

The KLN 90B stores the correct time, date and last location of the aircraft

in memory. If any of these parameters are not correct then the GPS

receiver in the KLN 90B will automatically enter a mode in which it can

determine this information. This usually will take less than 12 minutes, so

the KLN 90B should be able to determine its position by the time you have

taxied to the runway. However, if quicker time to lock onto satellites is

required it is possible to shorten this time by giving the KLN 90B the cor-

rect date and time. This is explained in the following two steps.

• If the date is incorrect, rotate the right outer knob counterclockwise until

the cursor is over the entire date. Rotate the right inner knob until the

correct day of the month is displayed. Then, rotate the right outer knob

one step clockwise to place the flashing part of the cursor over the

month field (three dashes). Rotate the right inner knob to display the

correct month. Rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise again and

then use the right inner knob to select the first digit of the correct year (a

9 for 1994, for example). Next, rotate the right outer knob one more step

clockwise and then use the right inner knob to select the second digit of

the year. When the date is correct press E.

• If it is necessary to reset the time, use the right outer knob to position the

cursor over the time zone. Use the right inner knob to select the desired

time zone. UTC (Coordinated Universal Time, which is also called

“Zulu”) is always a good choice. Now, turn the right outer knob one step

counterclockwise to position the cursor over the entire time field. Use

the right inner knob to select the correct hour. Since 24 hour time is

used be sure to add 12 if the time is after 1:00 P.M. (2:30 P.M. becomes

14:30). Next, turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the

flashing part of the cursor over the first minutes position. Turn the right

inner knob to select the correct value. Turn the right outer knob one

more step clockwise to position the flashing part of the cursor over the

second minutes position. The right inner knob is now used to finalize the

time selection. When the correct time has been entered, press E to

start the clock running.

• Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the first

two digits of the altimeter baro set field if the cursor is not there already.

The last KLN 90B baro setting entered is displayed.

NOTE: The KLN 90B will use an altitude input from an altitude encoder or

air data computer. Since the altitude from these devices is usually pres-

sure altitude, altimeter baro correction is required to ensure maximum

accuracy. This altitude input is used for altitude related features of the

KLN 90B. Therefore, it is important to keep the altimeter baro setting

updated on the Self Test page when power is first applied to the KLN 90B

and on the Altitude page each time a new baro correction is made to the

aircraft’s altimeter. The altimeter baro setting may be changed at a later

time from inches to millibars (or vice versa) on the SET 7 page. The

altimeter baro set field will not be a cursor field if the KLN 90B is inter-

faced to certain air data/altimeter systems which update the baro set field

when the aircraft’s altimeter baro setting is updated.

To enter the correct baro setting, rotate the right inner knob to select the

first two digits of the correct altimeter setting. Rotate the right outer knob

one step clockwise to move the flashing cursor over the third position.

Use the right inner knob to select the correct number. Use the right outer

and inner knobs to complete the baro setting. Now press E. With the

correct altimeter setting entered, the altitude displayed on line 4 should be

correct within 100 feet.

• Use the right outer knob to position the cursor over APPROVE (if the

cursor is not there already) and press E to approve the Self Test page.

(Note: If the KLN 90B is installed for VFR only operation, a VFR only

warning page is displayed after the self test page has been approved.

This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing E. If the KLN

90B has an external GPS CRS switch and the switch is in the OBS posi-

tion, then an OBS warning page will be presented after the self test page

has been approved. Press the GPS CRS button to put the unit into the

LEG mode. After the GPS CRS button indicates LEG, then the KLN 90B

will continue the start-up process.)

• The screen will now display the Database page, which shows the date

the database expires or the date on which it expired. Press E to

acknowledge.

WARNING: The accuracy of the database information is assured

only if it is used before the expiration date. Use of out of date data-

base information is done entirely at the user’s own risk.

• The NAV 2 page (present position) will now be displayed on the left side

of the screen and the waypoint page for the last active waypoint (before

the KLN 90B was last turned off) will be displayed on the right side. If

the last active waypoint was an airport, the the APT 4 page (airport com-

munications) will be displayed on the right side.

• When the KLN 90B is ready to navigate, the NAV 2 page will display the

present position both in terms of latitude/longitude and in terms of the

radial and distance from a nearby VOR.

2.0 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS

Top Left Segment

"Left Page"

Top Right Segment

"Right Page"

Lower Left

Segment

Lower Middle

Segment

Lower Right

Segment

2.1 Page Selection

The screen is normally divided into five segments defined by vertical and

horizontal lines on the screen. The large top left segment is called the left

page and the large top right segment is called the right page. The small

lower left segment displays the name of the left page being displayed

while the small lower right segment displays the name of the right page

being displayed. The lower middle segment displays the mode of opera-

tion (ex: ENR-LEG is Enroute-Leg mode which is the normal mode for

enroute operations).

NOTE: When power is applied to the KLN 90B it always “wakes up” in the

Enroute-Leg mode. Only the Enroute-Leg mode is described in this

manual. In this mode the KLN 90B performs great circle navigation (the

shortest distance between two points located on the earth’s surface). The

course deviation output displayed on the unit’s internal course deviation

indicator (CDI) and provided to an external HSI or CDI is five nautical

miles left and right, full scale sensitivity. The OBS mode and the

approach modes are described in the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide.

The two concentric knobs and C button on the left are used to control

the left page and the two concentric knobs and C button on the right are

used to control the right page. The right inner knob has an “in” and an

“out” position. It should be pushed to the “in” position for now.

The cursor is an area of inverse video (dark characters on a light back-

ground). Many pages allow you to add, delete, or change data on the

screen by first pressing the appropriate C button (left C for left page

and right C for right page) to turn the cursor function on and bring the

cursor on the screen. The appropriate concentric knobs are then used to

enter the data. When a cursor is on the screen, the page name normally

shown in the lower left and right segments is replaced with a CRSR

annunciation in inverse video. Not all pages allow you to make data entry,

and therefore pressing the C button while these pages are displayed will

have no effect.

There are eight types of pages that may be displayed on the left side of

the screen and ten types of pages that may be displayed on the right side.

The abbreviations for these page types are displayed around the outside

of the left and right outer knobs. The page types are different on the left

and right sides with the exception of the NAV (Navigation) type, which

appears on both sides. To select a page type, the cursor must not be dis-

played on the side of the screen where page selection is to be made. If

the cursor is displayed, the appropriate C button must be pressed to

turn the cursor function off. To select the NAV page type on the right side,

turn the right outer knob until NAV is displayed in the lower right segment.

The order in which the page types will be displayed is the same as the

order they are positioned around the outer knob. Thus, if APT (Airport) is

displayed in the lower right segment, turning the right outer knob one step

counterclockwise or nine steps clockwise will display NAV.

Many types of pages, such as NAV, have more than one page. There are

five NAV pages for example. Once the type of page has been selected

using the outer knob, the inner knob is used to select the specific page.

For example, if NAV 3 is displayed in the lower right segment then the

NAV 3 page is being displayed in the upper right segment. To view the

NAV 1 page turn the right inner knob two steps counterclockwise or three

steps clockwise, and NAV 1 will be displayed. Some types of pages such

as VOR only have one page. Turning the inner knob while it is in the “in”

position, will have no effect on the VOR page type and other types of

pages having only one page.

If all of the information to be displayed won’t fit on a specific page, a “+”

sign is used to indicate that there is additional information of the same

kind available for viewing. The inner knob is turned to see the additional

information but the name and number of the page doesn’t change. For

example, it is not uncommon to see APT+4. The APT 4 page always dis-

plays the communications frequencies for the selected airport. If all of the

frequencies don’t fit on one page, there will be two or more APT 4 pages

used to display all of the frequencies.

The eight page types for the left side are the following:

Page Annunciation Knob Annunciation Page Name Page Numbers

TRI

MOD

FPL

TRIP

MODE

FPL

Trip Planning

Mode

0 - 6

1 - 2

0 - 25

1 - 5

1 - 7

1 - 4

0 - 9

0 - 4 *

Flight Plan

Navigation

Calculator

Status

NAV

CAL

STA

SET

OTH

NAV

CALC

STAT

SETUP

OTHER

Setup

Other

* up to 10 with fuel management system and air data interfaces

The ten page types for the right side are the following:

Page Annunciation Knob Annunciation Page Name Page Numbers

CTR

REF

ACT

D/T

CTR

REF

ACTV

D/T

Center Wpt.

Reference Wpt.

Active Wpt.

1 - 2

None

Distance/Time

Navigation

1 - 4

1 - 5

1 - 8

None

NAV

APT

VOR

NDB

INT

NAV

APT

VOR

NDB

INT

Airport Wpt.

VOR Wpt.

NDB Wpt.

Intersection Wpt.

Supplemental Wpt.

SUP

SUPL

** Varies with the type of waypoints in the active flight plan

2.2 Entering Waypoint Identifiers

Waypoints are stored in the database by their ICAO (International Civil

Aviation Organization) identifiers. To use these waypoints it is only neces-

sary to enter the ICAO identifier of the waypoint, thus saving the labor of

entering a latitude and longitude.

One area of potential confusion is airport identifiers in the Continental

United States, Alaska, and Canada. Many airports in these three areas

use identifiers having four letters beginning with a prefix letter that corre-

sponds to the geographic area in which it is located. The prefix letter of

the Contiguous United States is “K”. Thus, the identifier for Los Angeles

International airport is KLAX, not LAX, which is the identifier of Los

Angeles VOR. Not all airport identifiers receive the prefix letter. Airport

identifiers which are a combination of letters and numbers do not receive

the prefix letter.

NOTE: If you are entering an airport identifier that is all letters (no num-

bers), then it will begin with a “K” prefix in the Contiguous U.S., a “P” in

Alaska, or a “C” in Canada. If there are numbers in the identifier, then a

prefix is not used. For other areas of the world the airport identifier stored

in the KLN 90B database is identical to how it is charted. Like all rules

there are also exceptions to the guidelines given above. If the above rules

do not work it is possible to scan through the database using a procedure

described in section 3.7.4 of the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide, “Selecting

Waypoints By Name and City.”

The general procedure for entering a waypoint identifier is described

below. You need not perform these steps now since they will be

described again shortly.

• If the cursor is not positioned on the screen location where you desire to

enter the waypoint identifier, press C (left C for left page or right C

for right page) to turn on the cursor function.

• If required, rotate the outer knob (left outer knob for left page or right

outer knob for right page) to position the cursor in the desired location.

• Rotate the appropriate inner knob to select the first character of the way-

point identifier.

• Turn the appropriate outer knob one step clockwise to move the cursor

to the second character position.

• Rotate the inner knob to select the second character.

• Use the outer and inner knobs in this manner until the complete waypoint

identifier is displayed. Note that you may not have to enter the last char-

acters of the identifier because each time you enter a character, the KLN

90B offers you the first identifier in the database beginning with the char-

acters you have entered.

• If the E is flashing in the lower middle segment of the display then

press the E button.

2.3 The Duplicate Waypoint Page

There are some waypoints in the database whose identifiers are not

unique. That is, more than one waypoint has the same identifier. When a

waypoint identifier has been entered which is not unique to a single way-

point, a Duplicate Waypoint page appears on the left side. The Duplicate

Waypoint page is used to select which of the waypoints having the same

identifier is actually desired. The waypoint identifier is displayed on the

top left of the page. To the right of the identifier is the number of

waypoints in the database having the identifier. Below the identifier is a

list of the waypoint types (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, SUP) and the associated

countries which use the identifier. To see an example of a Duplicate

Waypoint page perform the following steps:

• Press D.

• Turn the left inner knob to select the letter D as a waypoint identifier. “D”

is the full identifier of several waypoints in the KLN 90B database.

Press E. The Duplicate Waypoint page will be displayed on the left side

. At the time of this writing, there were ten waypoints in the database

having the identifier “D”. As in this example, if there are more than four

waypoints having the same identifier, only the first four are initially shown.

The list includes an NDB in Canada, an NDB in Cuba, an NDB in the

United States, and an NDB in Libya. The cursor will be over the first way-

point listed. They are listed with the waypoint closest to the aircraft’s pre-

sent position displayed first and the waypoint farthest from the aircraft dis-

played last. To view the rest, rotate the left outer knob clockwise. Doing

so will move the flashing cursor over waypoints two, three, and four and

then will cause the waypoint list to “scroll” so that the other waypoints in

the list may be seen. To select the desired waypoint, move the cursor

over the appropriate choice.

• Press E to view the waypoint page for the selected waypoint.

• Press E to approve the waypoint page.

3.0 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX

Since the KLN 90B stores its position and other required parameters in

memory when power to the unit is removed, it is seldom necessary to aid

the unit in reaching a NAV ready condition. The time required from power

on until the KLN 90B determines its present position and is therefore ready

to navigate is called “time to first fix.” The time to first fix is normally a few

minutes or less. In order for the KLN 90B to reach a NAV ready condition, it

is necessary to meet the following conditions:

1. The KLN 90B’s “almanac” data must be current. Almanac data is crude

orbital information for all the satellites and is used for initial acquisition

when the KLN 90B is first turned on. This data is stored in the KLN

90B’s non-volatile memory and is considered current for up to six

months. Each satellite sends almanac data for all satellites. Since the

KLN 90B routinely updates the almanac data during normal operation,

the almanac data will become out of date only if the KLN 90B hasn’t

been used for the previous six months or longer. Collecting new

almanac data takes place automatically if the data is more than six

months old. If the almanac data is out of date and needs to be collected,

the KLN 90B will take a few minutes to acquire your present position

(usually about six (6) minutes, but not more than 12 minutes). The Self

Test and Database pages should be approved.

2. The aircraft must be located such that the GPS antenna has an unob-

structed view of the sky so that required satellite signals are not being

blocked. If necessary, position the aircraft away from hangars or other

obstructions.

3. It is very helpful for the KLN 90B to have the correct time, date and posi-

tion to be able to determine which satellites should be in view. This infor-

mation is stored in the battery backed memory of the KLN 90B so it is

not normally required to update it. If the KLN 90B has the correct time,

date and position, then the time to first fix will usually be less than two (2)

minutes. If this information is not correct, then the KLN 90B will start to

look for any satellites. Eventually, the KLN 90B will find enough satellites

to determine the position of the aircraft. This process can take as long as

12 minutes. It is possible for you to update this information manually

which will allow the KLN 90B to reach a NAV ready status much faster.

To set the time and date follow steps 6 and 7 in section 3.2, “Turn-On

and Self-Test.” If it is necessary to update the position then use the fol-

lowing steps. Remember, if acquisition time is not important then it is not

necessary to update the time, date or position.

•

Select the Setup 1 page (SET 1) by first turning the left outer knob to dis-

play a SET type page. Next, turn the left inner knob until the SET 1 page

is selected.

•

Press the left C to bring the cursor on the page over the WPT field .

Use the left inner knob to enter the first character of the identifier for the

airport where you are presently located or the identifier of a navaid or

other airport which is close to you. Remember, if you are entering an air-

port identifier that is all letters (no numbers), then it will begin with a “K”

prefix in the Contiguous U.S., a “P” in Alaska, or a “C” in Canada. If

there are numbers in the identifier then a prefix is not used. Outside the

Contiguous U.S., Alaska, and Canada, use the airport identifiers as they

are charted.

•

Rotate the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing por-

tion of the cursor to the second position and then use the left inner knob

to enter the second character of the identifier.

Complete entering the rest of the identifier using the left knobs in the

same manner as in step 4.

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•

Press E to view the waypoint page on the right side.

Press E again to confirm the waypoint page.

NOTE: As an alternative, you can also enter the approximate latitude and

longitude of your present position directly on the SET 1 page instead of

entering a waypoint identifier.

•

Use the left outer knob to position the cursor over CONFIRM?, if it is not

there already.

•

Press E.

NOTE: The groundspeed (KT) and heading ( °) fields are not used for

actual initialization in an aircraft. However, if the KLN 90B is in the take-

home mode, entering a groundspeed will allow the KLN 90B to “fly” along

the active flight plan (or to a direct to waypoint) starting from the initialization

waypoint. A heading may be entered in the initial heading field while in the

take-home mode if the one offered is not desired. If the take-home mode is

used, remember to re-initialize the KLN 90B to the aircraft’s location before

re-installing it back in the aircraft.

•

Use the left knobs to select the NAV 2 page. When the KLN 90B

reaches the NAV ready status and is therefore able to navigate, the NAV

2 page will display the present position. Verify that the latitude and longi-

tude or the VOR, radial, and distance display of present position are cor-

rect.

4.0 DIRECT TO NAVIGATION

The D button is used to initiate Direct To navigation (navigation from the

aircraft’s present position direct to a selected waypoint). When D is

pressed the Direct To page is displayed on the left side with a flashing

cursor over a waypoint identifier. The waypoint identifier which appears

on the Direct To page is chosen by the KLN 90B according to the fol-

lowing rules:

1. If the Flight Plan 0 page is displayed on the left side and the cursor is

over one of the waypoint identifiers in Flight Plan 0 when D is pressed,

then that waypoint identifier will appear on the Direct To page. You will

appreciate this feature when you learn to use flight plans in section 13.0

“OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN.”

2. If the scanning feature of the Super NAV 5 page is used (as described in

section 5.7) then the waypoint displayed on the Direct To page will be

the waypoint in the scan window when D was pressed.

If this condition isn’t occurring, then:

3. If there is any waypoint page (APT 1-8 page, VOR page, NDB page, INT

page, SUP page, or ACT page) in view on the right side when D is

pressed, then the Direct To page will contain the identifier for the way-

point page being viewed on the right side.

If neither of the conditions above are occurring, then:

4. When D is pressed, the waypoint identifier for the current active

waypoint will be displayed.

5. If there is no active waypoint when D is pressed, then the Direct To

page displays blanks.For there not to be an active waypoint, there can

be no Direct To waypoint and no waypoints in Flight Plan 0.

The application of rules 1and 2 are described in section 13.4, “Combining

Direct To And Flight Plan Operation.” With the other in mind, here are

three procedures for initiating Direct To navigation.

4.1 Direct To - Procedure A

• Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side. The cursor

will already be on the left page. A waypoint identifier may or may not be

displayed, it doesn’t matter at this point.

• Rotate the left inner knob to select the first character of the desired way-

point’s identifier. Remember to enter the “K”, “C”, or “P” prefix for certain

airports, if required (see section 2.2, “Entering Waypoint Identifiers”).

• Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing portion

of the cursor over the second character position.

• Rotate the left inner knob to select the second character of the identifier.

• Use the left outer and inner knobs as in the previous steps until the

desired identifier is completely displayed.

• Press E to display the waypoint page on the right side for the selected

waypoint. (If an incorrect identifier has been entered, you may immedi-

ately start using the left inner knob to re-enter the correct identifier.)

• Press E again to approve the displayed waypoint page. The right side

will display the NAV 1 page and the left side will return to the page which

was displayed prior to pressing D (unless the NAV 1 page was on the

left side or the Super NAV 5 page was selected, in which case the pages

will revert to the state they were in prior to the direct to operation). The

selected waypoint is now the active Direct To waypoint.

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4.2 Direct To - Procedure B

• Select the desired waypoint type (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, or SUP) on the

right page.

• Select the desired waypoint identifier using the following method:

a. Press the right C. The cursor will be over the first character in

the waypoint identifier.

b. Rotate the right inner knob to select the first character of the

desired identifier.

c. Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the cursor to

the second character and then use the right inner knob to select

the second character.

d. Use the right outer and inner knobs as in the previous two steps to

complete the identifier.

• Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side and it con-

tains the desired waypoint identifier.

• Press E to approve the waypoint page displayed on the right side.

The right side will display the NAV 1 page, and the left side will return to

the page which was displayed prior to pressing D (unless the NAV 1

page was on the left side in which case the pages will revert to the state

they were in prior to the direct to operation). The selected waypoint is

now the active Direct To waypoint.

4.3 Direct To - Procedure C

• Select the desired waypoint type (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, or SUP) on the

right page.

• Select the desired waypoint identifier using the following method:

a. Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position. Make sure the right

cursor function is turned off.

b. Rotate the right inner knob in either direction to scan through the

waypoint identifiers in alphabetical order. The faster you rotate the

knob, the larger the change. Numbers precede letters in the list.

c. When the desired identifier is found, press the right inner knob

back to the “in” position.

• Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side and it con-

tains the desired waypoint identifier.

• Press E to approve the waypoint page displayed on the right side.

The right side will display the NAV 1 page, and the left side will return to

the page which was displayed prior to pressing D (unless the NAV 1

page was on the left side in which case the pages will revert to the state

they were in prior to the direct to operation). The selected waypoint is

now the active Direct To waypoint.

4.4 To Recenter The D-Bar

If you get off course and wish to recenter the left/right deviation bar (D-

Bar) to proceed direct to the same waypoint:

• Select a non-waypoint page (NAV, D/T, REF, or CTR) or the active way-

point page on the right side.

• Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left, containing the

active waypoint identifier.

• Press E.

4.5 To Proceed Direct To Another Waypoint:

You may proceed Direct To another waypoint other than the active one by

using Direct To procedure A, B, or C at any time.

4.6 Cancelling Direct To Operation

The primary reason for wanting to cancel Direct To operation is to return

to flight plan operation which is described later in section 13.0, “OPER-

ATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN”. To cancel Direct To opera-

tion:

• Press D

• Press @

• Press E

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5.0 THE NAVIGATION PAGES

As you would expect, the NAV (navigation) pages contain information

relating specifically to the KLN 90B’s navigation capabilities. The KLN

90B has five NAV pages. Unlike any other pages, these pages may be

selected and viewed on both the left and right sides of the screen. The

procedure for selecting specific pages, including the NAV pages, was

described previously under “BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CON-

TROLS”. NAV pages 1,2,3, and 5 are briefly described here. The KLN

90B Pilot’s Guide must be referred to for an explanation of the NAV 4

page (vertical navigation) and for more detailed information on all other

NAV pages.

5.1 The Navigation 1 Page (NAV 1)

The NAV 1 page displays the following information:

• The active navigation leg. For Direct To operation this consists of the

Direct To symbol, d, followed by the active Direct To waypoint identifier.

For the leg of a flight plan this consists of the “from” waypoint identifier

and the active “to” waypoint identifier. An arrow (>) precedes the active

waypoint identifier.

• A course deviation indicator (CDI) which displays left and right deviation

from the desired track. A vertical bar operates like a navigation devia-

tion needle on a conventional CDI or HSI. An on-course indication is

displayed when the vertical deviation bar is centered on the triangle in

the middle of the CDI. In En route navigation, each dot represents one

nautical mile deviation from the desired track. Therefore, the CDI shows

course deviation five nautical miles left and right of course. A vertical

deviation bar positioned two dots to the right of the center triangle indi-

cates the aircraft is two nautical miles to the left of course. The center

triangle also serves as the CDI’s TO/FROM indicator and operates in the

same manner as a conventional CDI TO/FROM indicator; an “up” tri-

angle indicates “to” the active waypoint while a “down” triangle indicates

“from” the active waypoint.

• Distance (DIS) to the active waypoint.

• Groundspeed (GS)

• Estimated time enroute (ETE)

• Bearing (BRG) to the active waypoint

5.2 The Super NAV 1 Page

When the NAV 1 page is selected on both the left and right sides at the

same time, the Super NAV 1 page is displayed. The Super NAV 1 page

contains exactly the same information as the standard NAV 1 page but

spreads the data out across the entire screen making it even easier to

view.

5.3 The Navigation 2 Page (NAV 2)

The NAV 2 page displays the aircraft’s present position in two formats.

The first format is in terms of the distance and radial from a nearby VOR.

(Although terminal VOR’s are in the database, they are not used on this

page since many aeronautical charts do not display a compass rose

around them for orientation purposes). The second format is in latitude

and longitude.

5.4 The Navigation 3 Page (NAV 3)

The NAV 3 page displays additional supplementary navigation informa-

tion. With the KLN 90B in the normal enroute-leg mode it displays the fol-

lowing:

• Desired track (DTK) which is the great circle course between two way-

points. The CDI displayed on the NAV 1 page is referenced to this DTK.

• Actual track (TK) which is the aircraft’s present track over the ground.

• Cross track error correction - This is a text means of indicating how far

and which direction to get back on course. It is consistent with the ver-

tical deviation bar displayed on the NAV 1 page. “FLY L 2.7 NM” means

fly left 2.7 nautical miles to get on course.

• Minimum Safe Altitude for present position (MSA) - IMPORTANT: refer

to the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide to understand the clearance provided by

this altitude.

• Minimum Enroute Safe Altitude from present position to destination

(ESA). IMPORTANT: refer to the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide to understand

the clearance provided by this altitude.

5.5 The Navigation 4 Page (NAV 4)

The NAV 4 page is used for advisory vertical navigation (VNAV) and for

altitude alerting. Vertical navigation operation is described in the KLN 90B

Pilot’s Guide and altitude alerting is described in section 14.0.

5.6 The Navigation 5 Page (NAV 5)

The NAV 5 page provides a navigation graphics presentation. It is useful

in providing you with proper orientation of the navigation situation. In all

KLN 90B installations there are three common map orientation formats

that may be selected on the NAV 5 page: a North up display, a desired

track up display, or an an actual track up display. In addition, if the KLN

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90B is interfaced with a source of heading in a suitable format then a

heading up presentation may also be selected. When the North up dis-

play is selected, viewing the NAV 5 page is like looking at a navigation

chart with North at the top. When the desired track up display is selected,

viewing the NAV 5 page is like looking at a chart that is turned so that your

course line is always pointing up. When the actual track up display is

selected, viewing the NAV 5 page is like looking at a chart that is turned

so that the direction the aircraft is tracking over the ground is pointing up.

In a no wind condition, actual track is identical to the aircraft’s heading.

CAUTION: When using the actual track up format it is typical for

there to be a slight delay from the time a heading change is made

until the correct map orientation is displayed. Be careful when using

either the desired track up display or the actual track up display to

not think that a heading up display is being used. The desired track

up display orientation is most useful when the aircraft’s heading is

approximately the same as the desired track.

In sections 12.0 and 13.0 you will learn to use flight plan operation where

the NAV 5 page really becomes useful. When navigating using flight plan

operation, the active flight plan (FPL 0) waypoints are displayed using the

number associated with the waypoint as it appears on the FPL 0 page.

Thus, the position of the third waypoint in FPL 0 is indicated by a 3 on the

NAV 5 page. Lines connect the flight plan waypoints. An arrow points to

the active waypoint and shows the current flight plan leg.

When operating Direct To a waypoint which is not in the active flight plan,

the Direct To waypoint is indicated on the NAV 5 page by an *.

To select the desired NAV 5 orientation press the appropriate C (left C

if NAV 5 page is on left side and right C if NAV 5 is on the right). The

cursor will be over the map range scale. Turn the appropriate outer knob

one step counterclockwise to position the cursor over the map orientation

field. Rotate the appropriate inner knob to display N? for North up, DTK?

for desired track up, TK? for actual track up, or HDG? for heading up.

The heading up selection is not presented as a choice if heading is not

provided to the KLN 90B. If the cursor is moved to the map range scale

using the outer knob or if the cursor is turned off with the C button, then

the DTK? , TK? , or HDG? annunciation is replaced with the actual value.

If a heading input is available to the KLN 90B then heading up is usually

the best map orientation to select. Otherwise, track up display is usually

preferred for use in flight. However, the track up display is only usable

when the aircraft is moving 2 knots or more.

In both the North up format and the desired track up format, the aircraft’s

position is depicted by a diamond. In the actual track up format and the

heading up format, the aircraft’s position is depicted by an aircraft symbol.

The range scale is displayed in the lower right corner of the NAV 5 page.

The range scale indicates the distance from the aircraft’s position (the dia-

mond or aircraft symbol) to the top of the screen. Range scale selections

from 1 NM to 1000 NM may be made by pressing the appropriate C and

turning the appropriate inner knob.

When the NAV 5 page is displayed on the left side of the screen and any

selected waypoint page is displayed on the right side, the location of the

selected waypoint is indicated by a “+” on the NAV 5 page. Of course, the

display scale must be chosen which allows the selected waypoint to be

displayed.

5.7 The Super NAV 5 Page

The Super NAV 5 page provides you with a true moving map display of

your present position and route of flight in relation to nearby navaids and

airports. The Super NAV 5 page is displayed by selecting the NAV 5 page

on both the left and right sides at the same time. The Super NAV 5 page

has a unique format unlike any other KLN 90B page. This is done so that

you get the maximum amount of screen dedicated to graphics display.

There are no page display indicators in the lower left and right segments

of the display to tell you the Super NAV 5 page is being displayed.

However, you will soon learn to recognize the Super NAV 5 page by its

unique format. The mode annunciation, which normally appears in the

lower center segment of the screen, is now located on the far left side.

The message prompt is now located in the lower left corner of the

graphics display.

The left side of the Super NAV 5 page shows the following information:

• Distance to the active waypoint

• The active waypoint identifier

• Mode of operation

• Groundspeed

• *Estimated time enroute, cross track correction, VNAV status

• *Desired track, bearing to active waypoint, radial from active waypoint

• *Actual track, bearing to active waypoint, radial from active waypoint

The lines above with an * in front can be configured by the pilot to display

any of the items listed. This is done by pressing the left C and rotating

the left outer knob counterclockwise until it is over the desired line. Turn

the left inner knob to choose between items for a given line. When all

selections are complete, turn off the cursor by pressing the left C.

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The map scale is also changed by using the left cursor button. To change

the map scale, press the left C to place the cursor over the map scale

factor at the bottom left corner of the map display. Turn the left inner knob

to select a map scale. The map scale choices are the same as for the

NAV 5 page except there is an additional choice, AUTO, that is located

between the 1 nm scale factor and the 1000 nm scale factor. The AUTO

scale factor will automatically choose the smallest map scale that will dis-

play the active waypoint and, if there is one, the waypoint after the active

waypoint. Choosing the AUTO scale factor means there is one less item

for you to worry about. This is especially helpful when conducting non-pre-

cision approaches using the KLN 90B.

Like the NAV 5 page, the Super NAV 5 page shows a graphics depiction

of the direct to waypoint or the waypoints making up the active flight plan.

But the Super NAV 5 page shows alphanumeric waypoint identifiers on

the graphics display to make orientation even easier for you.

You may elect to have nearby VORs, NDBs, and/or airports added to the

graphics display. To do so, press the right C to display a pop up menu

on the right side of the screen. Notice from the menu that a circle with a

dot in the center represents a VOR, a smaller circle represents an NDB,

and a small diamond represents an airport. The VORs, NDBs, and air-

ports displayed are those from the nearest waypoint lists described in sec-

tion 9.0, “NEAREST AIRPORTS, VORS, AND NDBS.”

When the menu is first displayed the cursor will be on the VOR selection

field. Rotate the right inner knob to display one of the following: TLH, LH ,

H or OFF.

TLH - Terminal, low altitude, and high altitude VORs are selected. In

addition, VORs of undefined class will be displayed. In some parts of the

world VORs are not classified into one of the three standard classes;

therefore, TLH must be selected to display these undefined class VORs.

LH - Only low altitude and high altitude VORs will be displayed.

- Only high altitude VORs will be displayed.

OFF - No VORs displayed

In a like manner, NDBs and/or airports may be selected by first using the

right outer knob to move the cursor over the NDB or APT selection field

and then using the right inner knob to select ON or OFF.

The map orientation can be changed by moving the cursor to the bottom

line of the pop-up menu and rotating the right inner knob. The map orien-

tation choices are the same as for the NAV 5 page: North up, desired

track up, actual track up, or heading up (if a proper source of heading is

provided to the KLN 90B). Remember that for actual track up, graphics

are displayed only when the aircraft is moving at a groundspeed greater

than 2 knots.

When the desired selections have been made, press the right C to

remove the menu .

One last feature of the Super NAV 5 page is that you can scan through

the waypoints of the active flight plan. This is done by pulling on the right

inner knob to place it in the “out” position. This will create a “window” at

the bottom right corner of the display that will initially contain the active

waypoint in reverse video. By turning the right inner knob it is possible to

scan through the waypoints of the active flight plan. Turning the knob

clockwise will scan through the waypoints in ascending order until the end

of the flight plan is reached. Turning the knob counter-clockwise will scan

through the waypoints in descending order until the beginning of the flight

plan is reached. The waypoint displayed in the window will be the default

waypoint when D is pressed.

The following operational hints will make using the Super NAV 5 more

enjoyable:

• It is easy to clutter the display with so much data that it is unusable.

Select a range scale that allows an uncluttered presentation of the

chosen VORs, NDBs, and airports. Or, deselect VORs, or NDBs, or air-

ports as required. Experiment and continue to make new selections for

different phases of your trip. For example, you may find that in the

enroute part of the flight selecting high altitude VORs provide you with

enough information, while in the terminal area you select a smaller range

scale and select more items.

• Press @ to instantly declutter the VOR, NDB, and airport selections

from the graphics display. Flight plan and direct to waypoints will still be

displayed. Press @ again to restore the selections.

• While taxing on the airport or flying in the traffic pattern select the 1 nm

or 2 nm scale to display the airport runway diagram instead of the usual

airport diamond symbol. All runway designations are shown on the 1 nm

scale. Only the longest runway designations are shown on the 2 nm

scale.

CAUTION: The NAV 5 and Super NAV 5 pages do not display

weather, terrain, special use airspace, or other data.

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6.0 MESSAGE PAGE

Whenever the KLN 90B determines that there is a situation that requires

the pilot’s attention, the message prompt (MSG) begins flashing in inverse

video at the bottom of the display just to the right of the mode of operation.

A remote message annunciator may also be installed in the aircraft instru-

ment panel. The message should be viewed at the pilot’s earliest oppor-

tunity because the unit may be alerting the pilot of some condition of

immediate concern. To view the message, press M. The Message

page, which takes the whole width of the display, will appear and show the

new message. Appendix B of the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide contains a listing

of all of the Message page messages and their meanings. It is possible

that several messages are displayed at one time on the Message page.

The newest message appears first and the rest in reverse chronological

order.

After reading the message, press M again to return to the pages which

were previously in view. If all of the messages can not be displayed on

one Message page, repeated presses of M will show the other mes-

sages before returning to the pages which were previously being viewed.

Whenever a message condition exists which requires a specific action by

the pilot, the message prompt will remain on but not flashing.

7.0 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERT

The KLN 90B database contains the location of areas of special use air-

space (SUA). The types of SUA areas stored in the database and the

abbreviations used to denote these areas are the following:

Class B Airspace

Class C Airspace

Control Area (used outside USA)

Terminal Area (used outside USA)

Alert Area

CL B

CL C

CTA

TMA

ALRT

CAUT

DNGR

MOA

Caution Area

Danger Area

Military Operations Area

Prohibited Area

PROH

REST

TRNG

WARN

Restricted Area

Training Area

Warning Area

The KLN 90B will normally alert you prior to entering one of these areas

with a message prompt. When the Message page is viewed it will display

AIRSPACE ALERT and will also display the name and type of the special

use airspace. If the special use airspace is a Class B, Class C, CTA, or

TMA, the message page will also instruct you to see the Airport 4 page

(airport communications) for the primary airport so that the correct com-

munications frequency may be determined.

The SUA alert feature is three dimensional. The SUA areas are stored in

the KLN 90B database with regard to altitude when the actual SUA alti-

tude limitations are charted in terms of mean sea level (MSL). Therefore,

if you are flying either above or below an SUA area you won’t be inconve-

nienced with nuisance alert messages. However, if the actual lower limit

of a SUA is charted in terms of an altitude above ground level (AGL), then

it is stored in the KLN 90B as all altitudes below the upper limit of the

SUA. If the actual upper limit of a SUA is charted in terms of AGL, it is

stored in the KLN 90B as “unlimited”.

If the altitude input to the KLN 90B is pressure altitude from an altitude

encoder or air data computer, then you must manually update the

KLN 90B with an altimeter setting (baro correction) in order to receive

accurate SUA alerting. You may easily update the altimeter setting by

pressing the A button to display the Altitude page. The cursor will be

over the inches field if “inches” was previously selected on the SET 7

page. If “millibars” was selected on the SET 7 page then the cursor will be

over the first two digits of the millibar field. The left inner knob is used to

change the digits and the left outer knob is used to move the cursor to the

desired position. When the altimeter setting is complete, press A to

return to the pages previously in view.

CAUTION: Failure to keep the altimeter setting updated will result in

inaccurate special use airspace alerting. If this feature is used, it is a

good idea to update the altitude setting on the ALT page each time

you make a change to a aircraft’s altimeter setting.

NOTE: If there is no altitude input to the KLN 90B, all altitudes will be

regarded as being within the boundary of the SUA area.

Only the outer lateral boundaries are stored for Class B, Class C, CTAs,

and TMAs. These SUA areas are stored as “cylinders” of airspace so all

altitudes below the upper limit of these areas are considered to be in the

SUA.

The message prompt for a special use airspace alert will occur when the

aircraft’s position is at a point such that a projection of the aircraft’s

existing track over the ground is approximately 10 minutes from pene-

trating the outer boundary of one of these areas. It will also occur if the

aircraft is within approximately two nautical miles of one of these areas

even if the aircraft’s projected track over the ground won’t actually pene-

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trate the SUA area. If one of the SUA areas is penetrated, another

message will state: INSIDE SPC USE AIRSPACE.

The SUA alert feature may be disabled (or enabled) on the Setup 8 (SET

8) page. After displaying the SET 8 page on the left side, press the left

C to turn on the left cursor function. The left inner knob is used to dis-

play AIRSPACE ALERT ENABLE or AIRSPACE ALERT DISABLE.

If the SUA alert feature has been enabled, the KLN 90B allows you to

select a vertical buffer on the SET 8 page in order to provide an additional

layer of protection from inadvertently entering a SUA area. To select a

vertical buffer, make sure the SUA alert feature has been enabled. Press

the left C and then use the left outer knob to move the cursor over the

first position of the vertical buffer. Use the left outer knob to position the

cursor and the left inner knob to select each number. The buffer may be

selected in one hundred foot increments. After the desired selection has

been made, press the left C to turn off the cursor function.

The vertical buffer serves to “stretch” the SUA area in both directions by

the selected buffer altitude. For example, let’s say you have selected a

buffer of 1000 feet and the actual SUA area exists from 5,000 feet MSL to

12,000 feet MSL. In this case you will receive SUA alert messages if you

fly at any altitude between 4,000 and 13,000 feet MSL.

CAUTION: It is the pilot’s responsibility to avoid those areas of spe-

cial use airspace where ATC clearance to penetrate is required but

has not been obtained. The KLN 90B’s special use airspace alert is

only a tool to assist the pilot and should never be relied upon as the

sole means of avoiding these areas.

8.0 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES

Waypoint pages include APT (airport), VOR, NDB, INT (intersections and

outer markers), and SUP (supplemental). Supplemental waypoints are

user defined waypoints that have not been defined specifically as an air-

port, VOR, NDB, or intersection. Airport waypoints have eight pages while

the other type waypoints all have one page each.

8.1 Selecting The Desired Waypoint Page

To select a specific waypoint page:

• Select the desired waypoint type (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, or SUP) on the

right page using the right outer knob.

• Select the desired waypoint identifier using one of the following two

methods.

Method 1:

a. Press the right C. The cursor will be over the first character in

the waypoint identifier.

b. Rotate the right inner knob to select the first character of the

desired identifier.

c. Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the cursor to

the second character and then use the right inner knob to select the

second character.

d. Use the right outer and inner knobs as in the previous two steps to

complete the identifier.

Method 2:

a. Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position.

b. Rotate the right inner knob in either direction to scan through the

waypoint identifiers in alphabetical order. The faster you rotate the

knob, the larger the change. Numbers precede letters in the list.

c. When the desired identifier is found, press the right inner knob

back to the “in” position.

• If an airport page has been selected, rotate the right inner knob to

change the page to the desired airport page (APT 1 - APT 8).

NOTE: If an airport, VOR, or NDB waypoint identifier is not known, there

is a method described in the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide for entering a portion

of the waypoint name and having the KLN 90B automatically retrieve the

appropriate waypoint page. In addition, for airport waypoints a portion of

the city name may be entered to retrieve the airport waypoint page. See

section 3.7.4 of the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide, “Selecting Waypoints By

Name And City.”

8.2 The Airport 1 Page (APT 1)

The Airport 1 page contains the following information:

• Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active way-

point.

• Airport name

• If the airport underlies the outer boundary of a Class B airspace, Class C

airspace, CTA (Control Area - used outside USA), or TMA (Terminal

Area - used outside USA) the letters CL B, CL C, CTA, or TMA, respec-

tively, will appear on the left side of this line. Note that there is no alti-

tude information applied to this criteria. In addition, if the airport is a mili-

tary airport the letters MILTRY will appear.

• The latitude and longitude of the airport reference point (the “official”

location of the airport).

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8.3 The Airport 2 Page (APT 2)

The Airport 2 page contains the following information:

• Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active way-

point.

• The city where the airport is located.

• The state if the airport is located in the United States, the Province if

located in Canada, or the country if located outside the United States

and Canada. A listing of the abbreviations used is contained in

Appendix D of the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide.

• Airport elevation

• Time in relationship to UTC (Zulu). Z-5, for example, indicates local

standard time is five hours behind UTC time. If the airport is located in

an area which observes daylight savings time the information in paren-

theses shows the daylight savings time in relationship to UTC.

• Instrument approach information

ILS

- airport has an ILS approach

- airport has an MLS approach

MLS

ILS/MLS - airport has an ILS and MLS approach

NP APR - airport has a nonprecision approach and no ILS or MLS.

NO APR - airport does not have an instrument approach

• The symbol (R) indicates that the airport is serviced by an

Approach/Departure control facility having radar capability.

8.4 The Airport 3 Page (APT 3)

The function of the APT 3 page is to display runway information for the

selected airport. For many airports the first APT 3 page depicts a North

up runway diagram for the airport.

NOTE: This runway diagram is present only for those airports where

Jeppesen’s data contains the position of the runway thresholds.

The primary APT 3 page follows the runway diagram. Runway designa-

tion, lighting, and types of surface for up to five runways are displayed in

order of length, beginning with the longest. Since there are many times

when all of an airport’s runway information does not fit on one page, addi-

tional APT 3 pages are used to display the data. Remember that a “+”

inserted between the page type and the number (APT+3 in this case) is

used to indicate that there is more than one Airport 3 page.

• The letters “RT” followed by a runway designation indicate that the

runway normally has a right hand traffic pattern. For example, RT 25

31 designates that runways 25 and 31 have a right hand traffic pattern.

• Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active way-

point.

• Runway number

• Runway lighting availability:

- runway lighting sunset to sunrise

LPC - runway lighting is pilot controlled

LPT - runway lighting is part time or on-request

Blank indicates no runway lighting

• Runway length in feet

• Runway surface:

HRD - hard surface

TRF - turf

GRV - gravel

CLY - clay

SND - sand

DRT - dirt

ICE

- ice

MAT - steel matting

SHL - shale

SNW - snow

(blank) - blank indicates unknown runway surface type

8.5 The Airport 4 Page (APT 4)

The APT 4 page is used to display communication frequencies for the

selected airport.

• Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active way-

point.

• Frequencies for:

ATIS - automatic terminal information service

PTAX - pre-taxi clearance

CLR - clearance delivery

GRND - ground control

RAMP - ramp/taxi control

TWR - tower

UNIC - unicom

MCOM- multicom

CTAF - common traffic advisory frequency

- mandatory frequency

ATF - aerodrome traffic frequency

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AFIS - aerodrome flight information service

CL B -Class B airspace (VFR frequency)

CL C -Class C airspace (VFR frequency)

TRSA -Terminal Radar Service Area (VFR frequency)

CTA - control area (VFR frequency used outside USA)

TMA - terminal area (VFR frequency used outside USA)

APR - approach control

DEP - departure control

CTR - center (when center is used for approach/departure control)

ARVL - arrival

RDO - radio

RDR - radar only frequency

DIR

- director (approach control/radar)

AWOS - automatic weather observing station

ASOS - automated surface observation system

AAS - aeronautical advisory service

PCL - pilot controlled lighting

In addition to the standard VHF frequencies, HF frequencies are shown at

airports that utilize “high frequency” communications that fall in the 2000

kHz to 30,000 kHz frequency band. These are typically used in remote

areas of the world. One way to tell HF frequencies is that they do not con-

tain a decimal point. A display of 6547 would indicate a frequency of

6,547 kHz.

Airports which have numerous communication frequencies will have mul-

tiple Airport 4 pages indicated by APT+4.

Part-time operation, such as for a control tower, is indicated with an * to

the left of a frequency.

The frequencies associated with a CL B, CL C, TRSA, CTA, or TMA are

VFR frequencies. Airports which have one of these categories of frequen-

cies also have APR and DEP which are IFR frequencies.

Where required, APR, DEP, CL B, CL C, TRSA, CTA, and TMA frequen-

cies are sectorized. That is, a frequency may be used only within a cer-

tain range of radials from a designated reference location. The format for

displaying the sectorization is to show the frequency first, followed by the

identifier of the associated reference point, followed next by the associ-

ated altitude restrictions.

NOTE: When an altitude restriction is shown on the Airport 4 page, the

abbreviation BEL means at and below the specified altitude. Likewise,

the abbreviation ABV means at and above the specified altitude. Thus,

ABV 4000FT means at and above 4000 feet and BEL 3999FT means at

and below 3999 feet.

8.6 The Airport 5 Page (APT 5)

The Airport 5 page is used to store and display user-entered remarks. Up

to 100 airports may contain these remarks. A remark may contain up to

three lines of eleven characters each. Letters, numbers, hyphens, and

spaces may be used in the remark. To enter a remark:

• Select the APT 5 page for the desired airport.

• Press the right C.

• Rotate the right outer knob until the cursor fills the entire third line of the

screen.

• Use the right inner knob to select the first character of the remark.

• Use the right outer knob to move the flashing portion of the cursor to the

second cursor position, and then use the right inner knob to select the

second character.

• Use the right outer and inner knobs to select the rest of the first line of

the remark.

• Press E to approve the first line. The cursor will move to the next line.

• Use the above procedure to select the characters for the second and

third lines of the remark. Press E to individually approve each line of

the remark.

• Press the right C to turn the right cursor function off.

The Other 4 page (OTH 4) contains a listing of all airports containing

remarks. To delete a previously entered airport remark, select the Other 4

page, position the left cursor over the desired airport identifier, press @,

and then press E.

8.7 The Airport 6 Page (APT 6)

The APT 6 page shows aeronautical services available for the selected

airport. These services include customs, fuel, and oxygen availability, as

well as an indicator to denote the presence of a landing fee.

• Customs information is displayed as follows:

CUSTMS-FULL

NO CUSTOMS

CUSTMS-PR

Customs facilities are available without restriction

No customs facilities are available

Customs facilities are available but require prior

request or permission for use

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CUSTMS-REST

CUSTMS-ADCS

Customs facilities are available on a restricted

basis, check with the airport before planning to

use

Customs are available for private aircraft arriving

to the U.S. from Canada or Mexico. Advance

notice of arrival to customs officers is to be

included in the flight plan transmitted to an FAA

facility. This code is used when this is the only

type customs facility available. The FAA term for

the service is “ADCUS”.

• The following fuel types are displayed:

80 octane

100

100 octane

100LL

MOGAS

JET

100 octane, low-lead

Automotive fuel

Jet fuel (any type jet fuel qualifies)

No fuel available

NO FUEL

• If there are no oxygen services available at the selected airport the fifth

line will display NO OXYGEN. If any type of oxygen service is available

the fifth line will read OX and the rest of the line will display the specific

oxygen service:

high-pressure

HB high-pressure bottled

low-pressure

low-pressure bottled

ALL all of the above oxygen services are available

• The sixth line of the APT 6 page denotes the presence of a landing fee:

LANDING FEE The airport has a landing fee

NO LDG FEE The airport does not have a landing fee

NO FEE INFO Jeppesen does not have any information on whether or

not there is a landing fee for this airport

8.8 The Airport 7 Page (APT 7)

The APT 7 page is used to select SID or STAR procedures that are stored

in the database of the KLN 90B. Selecting a SID or a STAR is described

in detail in the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide.

8.9 The Airport 8 Page (APT 8)

The APT 8 page is used to select non-precision approaches for a given

airport. The details of the APT 8 page as well as approach operations are

covered in the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide.

8.10 The VOR Page

The VOR page contains the following information:

• VOR identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active way-

point.

• The letter “D” appears following the VOR identifier if the VOR has DME

capability.

• The name of the VOR.

• The class of VOR

T - terminal

L - low altitude

H - high altitude

U - undefined

• The VOR frequency (MHz).

• The published magnetic variation of the VOR.

• The latitude and longitude of the VOR.

8.11 The NDB Page

The NDB page contains the following information for Nondirectional bea-

cons (NDBs):

• NDB identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active way-

point.

• The name of the NDB.

• The NBD frequency (kHz)

• The latitude and longitude of the NDB.

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8.12 The Intersection Page (INT)

The Intersection pages contain low altitude, high altitude, approach, and

SID/STAR intersections as well as outer markers and outer compass

locators. The following information is displayed for Intersection pages:

• The intersection, outer marker, or outer compass locator name.

• The location of the intersection, outer marker, or outer compass locator

expressed in terms of a radial and distance from a nearby VOR. The

KLN 90B chooses the closest VOR. It takes a few seconds for the VOR

ident, radial, and distance to be calculated and displayed.

• The latitude and longitude of the intersection, outer marker, or outer

compass locator.

In addition, the user may enter the identifier of another nearby waypoint in

the REF field, and the page will compute and display the radial and dis-

tance from the nearby waypoint to the intersection. This information is not

stored with the Intersection page and is lost when leaving the page.

8.13 The Supplemental Waypoint Page (SUP)

Supplemental waypoints are user-defined waypoints that have not been

defined specifically as an airport, VOR, NDB, or intersection. The fol-

lowing information is displayed on a Supplemental waypoint page:

• The name or identifier of the supplemental waypoint.

• The position of the supplemental waypoint expressed in terms of a

radial, and distance from a nearby VOR. It takes a few seconds for the

VOR ident, radial, and distance to be calculated and displayed.

• The latitude and longitude of the supplemental waypoint.

In addition, the user may enter the identifier of another nearby waypoint in

the REF field and the page will compute and display the radial and dis-

tance from the nearby waypoint to the supplemental waypoint. This infor-

mation is not stored with the Supplemental Waypoint page and is lost

when leaving the page.

9.0 NEAREST AIRPORTS, VORS, AND NDBS

9.1 Viewing The Nearest Airports, VORs, And NDBs

The KLN 90B computes the nine nearest airports, the nine nearest VORs,

and the nine nearest NDBs to the aircraft’s present position. There is no

“nearest” list for intersection and supplemental waypoints. To view the

nearest airports:

• Rotate the right outer knob to select the airport (APT) types.

• Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position.

• Rotate the right inner knob counterclockwise to initially scan through a

complete list of all airport identifiers backward in alphabetical order.

There are actually two waypoint scan lists. These two lists are the “com-

plete” list and the “nearest” list. The complete list contains all of the air-

port waypoints in the database. The nearest list consists of the nine

nearest airports to your present position.

The nearest list is positioned in front of the complete list. That is, you

must scan backwards through the complete list to reach the nearest list.

This is easy to do because the faster the knob is turned, the larger the

step is made through the list. You will know when you have reached the

nearest list because the top right portion of the waypoint page will flash

the relative position of the waypoint to the present position (NR 1 indicates

the nearest). As you scan clockwise from NR 1, NR 2, NR 3, ..., NR 9 the

next scan position is the beginning of the complete list.

Waypoint pages displayed in the nearest list do not contain a latitude and

longitude position as they do in the complete list. Instead, the bearing and

distance to the waypoint are displayed. In addition, nearest airport pages

display the length, surface, and lighting of the longest runway. Once the

nearest airport is being displayed, the other airport pages (APT 2 - APT 8)

for that airport are available for display by making sure the right inner knob

is pressed in and then turning it to select the desired airport page.

The procedure above is for viewing the nearest airports but it is equally

applicable to VORs and NDBs except that either VOR or NDB waypoint

types are selected in the first step.

9.2 Nearest Airports In An Emergency

In the event of an emergency, a special procedure exists to very quickly

get to the beginning of the nearest airport list:

• Press M.

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• Press E. The waypoint page for the nearest airport is now displayed

on the right side. The right inner knob may now be used in the normal

manner to scan the other nearest airports (knob in the “out” position) or

to view all eight airport pages for a specific airport (knob in the “in” posi-

tion).

9.3 Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport

When the nearest airport page is initially displayed, “NR 1” is displayed in

the upper right hand corner of the page to designate this airport as the

nearest airport. However, if you continue to fly along your flight plan with

this page selected, the same airport will be displayed and its position in

the nearest airport list will change from NR 1 to NR 2, NR 3, NR 4 ... NR 9

until finally it won’t be in the nearest airport list at all. The reason for this

is that in the event of an actual emergency once you have determined

which airport you are heading for, you don’t want the nearest airport list to

update while you are maneuvering or looking up data on the other airport

pages for that airport.

There may be times, however, when you’re flying over “unfriendly” terrain

when you wish to always have to nearest airport displayed on the right

side of the screen while you view another page, such as the NAV 1 page,

on the left side. The means for doing this on the KLN 90B is the following:

1. Display the nearest airport page by pressing M followed by pressing

2. Press the right C.

3. Rotate the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over “NR

1”. As long as the cursor is left in this position, this page will update so

that the nearest airport is always shown as the flight progresses.

9.4 Selecting The Nearest Airport Criteria

The nine airports in the nearest list are the nine airports which meet the

criteria selected on the Setup 3 page (SET 3). The SET 3 page allows

you to specify what criteria you want an airport to meet before it is consid-

ered for the nearest airport list. To specify the airport criteria:

• Select the SET 3 page on the left side.

• Press the left C to turn on the left cursor function. The cursor will

appear over the minimum runway length field.

• Use the left inner knob to select the minimum length runway desired for

the airport to qualify for the nearest airport list. Values between 1000

feet and 5000 feet in 100 foot increments may be selected.

• Rotate the left outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over

the runway surface criteria.

• Turn the left inner knob to select either HRD SFT or to select HRD. If

HRD SFT is chosen, then both hard and soft surface runways meeting

the required runway length will be included in the nearest airport list. If

HRD is chosen, then only hard surface runways will be included. Hard

surface runways include concrete, asphalt, pavement, tarmac, bitumen,

and sealed. Soft surface runways include turf, gravel, clay, sand, dirt,

ice, steel matting, shale, and snow.

For example, if the minimum runway criteria selected is 2200 feet in length

and HRD surface, then only airports having a hard surface runway at least

2200 feet in length will be displayed in the nearest airport list.

10.0 CREATING USER WAYPOINTS

Up to 250 user-defined waypoints may be created. These waypoints must

contain an identifier, latitude, and longitude. This manual describes the

most common methods of creating user-defined waypoints.

Regardless of which of the three methods described below is utilized for

creating a user-defined waypoint, it is first necessary to enter a unique

identifier for the waypoint. The identifier can be one to five characters in

length. To select the identifier:

• Use the right outer knob to select the supplemental (SUP) type way-

points.

• Press the right C to turn on the right cursor function. The cursor will

appear over the first character position of the identifier.

• Use the right inner knob to select the first character of the identifier.

• Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over

the second character, and then use the right inner knob to select the

desired character.

• Use the right outer and inner knobs as described above to finish

selecting the identifier. The following text should now be displayed:

CREATE NEW

WPT AT:

USER POS?

PRES POS?

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NOTE: If a waypoint page containing a latitude and longitude is displayed

instead of the above text, the identifier entered already exists in the user

database. Another identifier must be chosen.

10.1 Creating A Waypoint At The Present Position

The first method of creating a user-defined waypoint is to define it at your

present position (the position shown on the NAV 2 page). To create a

waypoint in this manner:

• Follow the steps just presented in section 10.0 to enter a waypoint identi-

fier.

• Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over PRES

POS? and press E. A SUP page will now be displayed with the way-

point identifier at the top of the page and the latitude and longitude of the

waypoint at the bottom of the page. The user-defined waypoint is now

created.

10.2 Creating A Waypoint As A Radial And Distance From Another

Waypoint

The second method of creating a user-defined waypoint is to define the

waypoint’s position in terms of a radial and distance from any other

existing waypoint. To create a waypoint in this manner:

• Follow the steps presented in section 10.0 to enter a waypoint identifier.

• Rotate the right outer knob to position the cursor over USER POS? and

press E. A user waypoint page will appear with the identifier at the top

of the page and the cursor over a dashed latitude field.

• Turn the right outer knob counterclockwise to position the cursor over

the dashes to the right of REF. The next step will be to enter the identi-

fier of an existing waypoint into this field.

• Rotate the right inner knob to select the first character of the “reference

waypoint”.

• Use the right outer knob to position the cursor and the right inner knob to

select the characters so that the entire identifier for the reference way-

point is displayed.

• Press E to see the waypoint page for the reference waypoint just

entered.

• Press E again to approve this waypoint page. The waypoint page

being created will return with the cursor over the dashes to the right of

RAD.

• Use the right inner and outer knobs to select the radial (from the refer-

ence waypoint). The radial may be selected to the nearest tenth of a

degree.

• Press E. The cursor will move to the dashes to the right of DIS.

• Use the right inner and outer knobs to select the distance. The distance

may be selected to the nearest tenth of a nautical mile.

• Press E. The latitude and longitude is calculated and displayed. The

user-defined waypoint is now created.

NOTE: Entering the reference waypoint, radial, and distance is done only

to define the user waypoint’s latitude and longitude position. The refer-

ence waypoint, radial, and distance are not stored as part of the user way-

point. As soon as another page is viewed on the right side, these parame-

ters are lost. If the SUP page for this user waypoint is displayed at a later

time, the radial and distance from the closest VOR will be displayed after

a few seconds. The original reference may, of course, be re-entered at

any time.

10.3 Creating A Waypoint By Entering A Latitude/Longitude Position

The third method of creating a user-defined waypoint is to directly enter a

latitude/longitude position. To create a waypoint in this manner:

• Follow the steps presented in section 10.0 to enter a waypoint identifier.

• Rotate the right outer knob to position the cursor over USER POS? and

press E. A user waypoint page will appear with the identifier at the top

of the page and the cursor over a dashed latitude field.

• Turn the right inner knob to display an N (for North) or an S (for South).

• Select the latitude in degrees, minutes, and hundredths of a minute by

using the right outer knob to position the cursor and the right inner knob

to select the desired numbers.

• When the complete latitude has been selected, press E. The cursor

will jump down to the longitude field.

• Turn the right inner knob to select W (for West) or E (for East).

• Use the right outer and inner knobs to select the longitude.

• Press E. The user-defined waypoint is now created.

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11.0 DELETING USER WAYPOINTS

A listing of all user-defined waypoints is contained on the Other 3 page

(OTH 3). The user-defined waypoints are listed by category; airports (A)

are first, VORs (V) are second, NDBs (N) are third, Intersections (I) are

fourth, and Supplemental waypoints (S) are last. Within each category,

the waypoints are alphabetized by identifier. To the right of the identifier is

the type waypoint defined (A,V,N,I, or S). If the waypoint is used in a flight

plan, the flight plan number is shown to the right of the waypoint type. If

more than five user waypoints exist, it is necessary to press the left

C and then use the left outer knob to scroll through the complete

list. To delete a user waypoint:

• Select the OTH 3 page.

• Press the left C and use the left outer knob to move the cursor over

the waypoint to be deleted. A waypoint contained in a flight plan can not

be deleted without first either deleting the waypoint from the flight plan or

deleting the entire flight plan.

• Press @.

• Press E.

12.0 CREATING AND MODIFYING FLIGHT PLANS

The advantages of creating flight plans are: (1) the entire route of flight for

an upcoming trip can be created and stored prior to departure to reduce

workload while enroute; and (2) the routes for frequently made trips need

to be created just once and may then be recalled as required for later use.

The following rules and considerations apply to KLN 90B flight plans:

• The KLN 90B is capable of storing in its memory 25 flight plans plus an

active flight plan.

• Each of the flight plans may contain up to 30 waypoints. These way-

points may consist of any combination of published waypoints from the

database or user created waypoints.

• The flight plans are numbered 0 through 25 (FPL 0, FPL 1, FPL 2, ...,

FPL 25).

• The active flight plan is always FPL 0. The standard procedure is to

create a flight plan in one of the flight plans numbered as FPL 1, FPL 2,

FPL 3,..., or FPL 25. When one of these numbered flight plans is acti-

vated, it becomes FPL 0, the active flight plan. This manual will refer to

FPL 0 as the “active flight plan” and FPL 1 through FPL 25 as the “num-

bered flight plans”. If desired, a flight plan can be created directly in the

active flight plan. This avoids creating the flight plan in a numbered flight

plan and then having to activate it. The disadvantage is that if a num-

bered flight plan is subsequently made active, the one programmed

directly into FPL 0 will be lost.

• Modifications may be made to FPL 0 without affecting the way it is stored

as a numbered flight plan.

• Unless Direct To operation is being used, the active flight plan (FPL 0)

must contain at least two waypoints. Otherwise, the KLN 90B system

will be flagged.

12.1 Creating A Flight Plan

To create a flight plan:

• Rotate the left outer knob to select the flight plan (FPL) type pages.

• Turn the left inner knob to select a flight plan page (preferably other than

FPL 0) which does not contain a flight plan. If all of the flight plan pages

contain flight plans, refer to section 12.5, “Deleting Flight Plans.”

• Press the left C to turn on the cursor function for the left page. The

cursor will be over the first waypoint position.

NOTE: The KLN 90B flight plan operation is designed so that the first

waypoint in the flight plan should always be the departure point.

Remember to enter the “K”, “P”, or “C” prefix for certain airports. See sec-

tion 2.2, “Entering Waypoint Identifiers”.

• Use the left inner knob to select the first character of the departure way-

point identifier.

• Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing portion

of the cursor over the second character position and then use the left

inner knob to select the desired character.

• Use the above procedure to select the entire identifier for the first way-

point.

• Press E. A waypoint page for the identifier just entered will be dis-

played on the right side. If a mistake was made and the wrong waypoint

identifier was entered, press @ and begin again. If a mistake was not

made but the waypoint identifier just entered isn’t in the database, a

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page allowing creation of a user defined waypoint will appear on the

right side. Refer to section 10.0, “CREATING USER WAYPOINTS”, for

instruction on how to define a user created waypoint.

• Press E again to approve the waypoint page being displayed. The

cursor will move to the second waypoint position.

NOTE: A small number of waypoints are stored in the database as “fly-

over” waypoints. These waypoints are associated with SID/STAR proce-

dures. “Fly-over” means that, for some reason, the governing agencies have

decided that it is important to fly directly over the waypoint instead of being

able to “cut the corner” by using turn anticipation (see section 13.2). In these

cases the KLN 90B will present a waypoint type identification page. Simply

select the way in which the waypoint is intended to be used with the left

outer knob and press E . If the SID/STAR choice is selected, the KLN 90B

will disable turn anticipation for that waypoint (if previously enabled). The

KLN 90B will enable turn anticipation after the waypoint has been passed (if

turn anticipation was previously enabled). If en route is selected, then

normal turn anticipation occurs.

• Use the same procedure to enter the rest of the waypoints in the flight

plan. If the flight plan consists of five or more waypoints, the waypoints

will automatically scroll as necessary to allow entry of the next waypoint.

• When all of the waypoints have been entered in the flight plan, the left

outer knob may be rotated to move the cursor up and down and manu-

ally “scroll” through the waypoints making up this flight plan. This is

useful if the flight plan contains six or more waypoints since not all of the

waypoints can be displayed at one time. When the left outer knob is

rotated to the full counterclockwise position, the cursor will be positioned

over USE? If there are more than five waypoints in the flight plan, the

first four waypoints will then be displayed followed by the last waypoint in

the flight plan. Rotate the left outer knob to move the cursor and manu-

ally scroll to see the missing intermediate waypoints.

• Press the left C to turn off the left cursor function. Additional flight

plans may now be created in the same manner.

12.2 Activating A Numbered Flight Plan

To activate one of the previously created numbered flight plans:

• Use the left outer knob to select the flight plan (FPL) type pages.

• Rotate the left inner knob to select the desired flight plan.

• Press the left C to enable the left cursor function. The cursor will

appear over USE? (If you haven’t left the numbered flight plan page

since creating this flight plan, rotate the left outer knob all the way coun-

terclockwise to position the cursor over USE?)

• Press E to activate the flight plan in the order shown. To activate the

flight plan in inverse order (first waypoint becomes last and last waypoint

becomes first), rotate the left outer knob one step clockwise to position

the cursor over USE? INVRT? before pressing E.

• The selected flight plan is now displayed as FPL 0, the active flight plan.

Any changes made to FPL 0 will not affect how this flight plan is stored

as the numbered flight plan.

12.3 Adding A Waypoint To A Flight Plan

A waypoint may be added to any flight plan containing fewer than 30 way-

points. To add a waypoint to a flight plan:

• Press the left C to enable the left cursor function if it is not on already.

• Rotate the left outer knob as necessary to position the cursor over the

waypoint identifier which you desire to follow the waypoint being added.

Another way to think of this is to position the cursor over the position in

the flight plan you wish the new waypoint to be added. For example, if

TUL is presently the second waypoint in the flight plan and you wish to

insert GNP in the number two position in front of TUL , move the cursor

over TUL.

• Use the left inner knob to enter the first character of the waypoint being

inserted. As you begin to turn the knob the exiting waypoint in this posi-

tion automatically jumps down to the next position. In the previous

example, TUL automatically moves to waypoint three.

• Use the left outer and inner knobs in the normal manner to complete

entering the waypoint identifier.

• Press E to display the waypoint page on the right side for the identifier

just entered.

• Press E again to approve the waypoint page.

• Press the left C to turn off the left cursor function.

12.4 Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan

To delete a waypoint from a flight plan:

• Press the left C to enable the left cursor function if it is not on already.

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• Rotate the left outer knob as necessary to position the cursor over the

waypoint to be deleted.

• Press @. The letters DEL (delete) will appear to the left of the identifier

and a question mark will appear to the right of the identifier. If a mistake

was made and you do not wish to delete this waypoint, press @.

• Press E and the waypoint will be deleted from the flight plan. The

other waypoints in the flight plan will be correctly repositioned.

12.5 Deleting Flight Plans

To delete a flight plan which is no longer required:

• Display the flight plan (FPL 0, FPL 1, FPL 2,..., or FPL 25) which is to be

cleared.

• Make sure the left cursor function is turned off. If the left cursor is on,

press the left C to turn it off.

• Press @. The words DELETE FPL? will appear at the top of the page.

If a mistake was made and you do not wish to clear this flight plan, press

• Press E to clear the flight plan.

12.6 Storing FPL 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan

The active flight plan may be loaded into a numbered flight plan so that it

can be recalled for later use. This may be desirable, for example, if the

active flight plan was originally created on the FPL 0 page and not as a

numbered flight plan. To store the active flight plan as a numbered flight

plan:

• Select a numbered flight plan page which does not contain any way-

points. If none exist, use the procedure described in section 12.5,

“Deleting Flight Plans”, to clear a flight plan which is no longer required.

• Press the left C to turn on the left cursor function with the cursor over

the blank first waypoint position.

• Rotate the left outer knob one step counterclockwise to position the

cursor over LOAD FPL 0?

• Press E to load the active flight plan into this numbered flight plan.

13.0 OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

13.1 General Procedures

Everything described in this manual thus far is applicable to using the

KLN 90B for flight plan operation. The following rules and considerations

apply to flight plan operation while the KLN 90B is in the leg mode:

• Although many of the KLN 90B pages may be utilized while operating

along a flight plan, common page selections are the FPL 0 page on the

left side while simultaneously displaying one of three Distance/Time

pages (D/T 1, D/T 2, D/T 3) or the NAV 5 page (navigation graphics) on

the right side. Of course the other four Navigation pages may also be

used extensively. The information contained on the Distance/Time

pages is explained later in section 13.5, “The Distance/Time Pages”.

• Always verify that you are viewing the active flight plan page (FPL 0) and

not one of the other numbered flight plan pages.

• The active leg of the flight plan is designated with a B symbol. A leg is

defined as the course line between a pair of waypoints (a “from” way-

point and a “to” waypoint). The head of the arrow is positioned to the left

of and points to the active “to” waypoint. The tail of the symbol is posi-

tioned to the left of the “from” waypoint The symbol is not displayed

unless the KLN 90B is actually receiving navigation signals suitable for

navigation. (Note: if the unit is in the take-home mode, it has been

“tricked” into thinking it is receiving signals and therefore the B symbol

can be displayed). Also, the B symbol will not be displayed if Direct To

navigation is occurring. If in doubt as to whether or not Direct To opera-

tion is occurring, view the NAV 1 page. If the top line shows the d

symbol instead of a “from” waypoint, then Direct To navigation is occur-

ring. If it is desired to cancel the Direct To operation and operate from

the active flight plan; press D, then press @, then press E.

• As flight plan waypoints are reached, the active leg symbol automatically

orients itself on the next leg.

• If the flight plan contains more waypoints than can be displayed on the

screen at one time, the page will automatically scroll as progress is

made along the flight plan so that the active leg is always displayed.

• The last waypoint in the flight plan is always displayed at the bottom of

the FPL 0 page, even if all of the waypoints in the flight plan can’t be dis-

played on the page at one time. To view intermediate waypoints, turn

the left cursor function on and use the left outer knob to manually scroll

through all of the waypoints, as desired. If scrolling is performed all the

way to the end of the flight plan, a blank waypoint position will exist so

that a waypoint may be added to the end of the flight plan.

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13.2 Turn Anticipation And Waypoint Alerting

Prior to reaching a waypoint in the active flight plan, the KLN 90B will pro-

vide navigation along a curved path segment to ensure a smooth transi-

tion between two adjacent legs in the flight plan. That is, the CDI or HSI

left/right deviation will be referenced to the dashed line in the following

figure. This feature is called turn anticipation. The transition course is

based upon the aircraft’s actual groundspeed and the amount of course

angle change between the two legs. The KLN 90B automatically

sequences to the next leg after passing the midpoint in the transition seg-

ment.

Approximately 20 seconds prior to the beginning

of turn anticipation, the arrow preceding the active

waypoint identifier will begin flashing on the FPL 0

page and on any Navigation page, Distance/Time

page, or waypoint page displaying the active way-

point identifier. The active waypoint identifier will

start to flash on the Super NAV 5 page. This is

called “waypoint alerting”. If an external waypoint

alert annunciator is mounted in the aircraft, this

annunciator will begin flashing at the same time.

To utilize the turn anticipation feature, start the turn transitioning to the

next leg in the flight plan at the very beginning of turn anticipation. This

occurs when the desired track (DTK) displayed on the NAV 3 or Super

NAV 5 page changes to the value for the next leg. A message prompt

also begins flashing at the beginning of turn anticipation. When the mes-

sage is viewed, it states: ADJ NAV IND CRS TO XYZ°, where XYZ is the

new course you should select on the HSI or CDI. Note: This message is

not displayed if the KLN 90B is interfaced with an EHSI or HSI having a

course pointer automatically slewed to the correct desired track by the

KLN 90B. The beginning of turn anticipation is also indicated when the

external waypoint alert annunciator stops flashing and goes on steady.

Turn anticipation becomes inactive when transition to the next leg has

been made.

If desired, turn anticipation may be disabled (or enabled) on the Setup 6

page (SET 6) using the left C and the left inner knob to select between

DISABLE or ENABLE. If turn anticipation is disabled, navigation is pro-

vided all the way to the waypoint and waypoint alerting occurs approxi-

mately 36 seconds prior to actually reaching the waypoint.

13.3 Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan

Waypoints

The waypoint page(s) for each of the waypoints in the active flight plan

may be easily displayed by selecting the Active Waypoint page (ACT)

type on the right side. When the ACT page type is first selected, the way-

point page for the active waypoint will be displayed. The location of the

waypoint in the flight plan (waypoint 1, waypoint 2, etc.) is annunciated

with a number to the left of the identifier. In addition, an arrow to the left of

the waypoint number designates the active waypoint. The letter to the far

right of the identifier designates the type of waypoint: A = airport, V =

VOR, N = NDB, I = intersection, S = supplemental, or T=Terminal (see

KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide). For VOR’s having DME capability, the letter D is

displayed between the VOR identifier and the V. To view the other way-

points in the flight plan, pull the right inner knob to the “out” position and

turn it to view each of the waypoints in the order they are contained in the

flight plan. For airport waypoints, the right inner knob may be pushed

back to the “in” position and rotated to display any of the six airport pages.

Pulling the knob back out will allow further scanning of the waypoint pages

in the active flight plan.

13.4 Combining Direct To And Flight Plan Operation

It is very common when using flight plan operation to use the Direct To

function to proceed directly to a waypoint which exists in the flight plan.

For example, after takeoff it is very normal to receive radar vectors in the

terminal area and then be given a clearance direct to the first point in the

flight plan that was filed. The KLN 90B makes this kind of operation very

easy to accomplish. Whenever you do a Direct To operation to a way-

point which is in the active flight plan (FPL 0) the system will provide navi-

gation to the waypoint and then automatically resume navigation along the

flight plan when the Direct To waypoint is reached. Waypoints which exist

prior to the Direct To waypoint in the active flight plan are bypassed. Of

course, the active flight plan will never be resumed if the Direct To opera-

tion is to a waypoint which is not in the active flight plan.

Any of the several methods previously described for initiating Direct To

operation may be used, although the following are the easiest for this

application. The first procedure takes advantage of rule number 1

described in section 4.0.

• Select the FPL 0 page on the left side.

• Press the left C and then use the left outer knob to position the cursor

over the desired waypoint.

• Press D. The waypoint page for the selected waypoint in FPL 0 will

be displayed on the right side.

• Press E to approve the waypoint page. The Direct To waypoint identi-

fier in the active flight plan will now be preceded by just an arrow. The

B symbol is not displayed since there is no “from” waypoint in the flight

plan.

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The second method takes advantage of rule number 2 described in

section 4.0. To use this method:

• Display the Super NAV 5 page by selecting NAV 5 on both sides of the

display.

• Pull out the right inner knob. A “window” will appear in the bottom right

hand corner that has the current active waypoint in reverse video.

• Turn the right inner knob to scan through the waypoints of the active

flight plan until the desired waypoint is displayed.

• Press D. The waypoint page for the selected waypoint from the Super

NAV 5 page will be displayed on the right side.

• Press E to approve the waypoint page. The active waypoint is now the

waypoint selected from the Super NAV 5 page. The KLN 90B will return

the display to the Super NAV 5 page.

If for some reason it is desired to cancel the Direct To operation prior to

reaching the Direct To waypoint in order to proceed along the flight plan

leg, press D, then press @, and then press E.

13.5 The Distance/Time Pages

As stated earlier it is common to use the Distance/Time pages in conjunc-

tion with flight plan operation. The Distance/Time pages are specially

designed to be most useful when the active flight plan page (FPL 0) is dis-

played simultaneously on the left side.

13.6 The Distance/Time 1 Page (D/T 1)

When the FPL 0 page is displayed on the left side and the D/T 1 page is

displayed on the right side, the distance (DIS) and estimated time enroute

(ETE) are displayed for each of the active flight plan waypoints. The dis-

tance displayed is the cumulative distance from the aircraft’s present

position to each waypoint along the flight plan route. The ETE is dis-

played in hours:minutes. If Direct To operation is occurring to a waypoint

that is not in the active flight plan then the D/T 1 page is blank when the

FPL 0 page is displayed on the left.

If a numbered flight plan page (FPL 1 through FPL 25) is displayed on the

left side, the distances displayed are from the first waypoint in the flight

plan and have nothing to do with the aircraft’s present position. No ETE’s

are then shown.

If a non-flight plan page is displayed on the left, the format of the D/T 1

page changes to display just the distance and ETE for the active waypoint

and for the last waypoint in the flight plan.

13.7 The Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2)

When the FPL 0 page is displayed on the left side and the D/T 2 page is

displayed on the right side, the distance and estimated time of arrival are

displayed for each of the active flight plan waypoints. The distances are

as described for the D/T 1 page. The time zone associated with the esti-

mated time of arrival is annunciated at the top right of the D/T 2 page.

The time zone may be changed by enabling the right cursor function to

bring the cursor over the time zone and then turning the right inner knob to

select the desired time zone. Changing the time zone on the D/T 2 page

changes the time zone on other pages where time is displayed.

If a numbered flight plan page is displayed on the left side, no estimated

times of arrival are displayed.

If a non-flight plan page is displayed on the left side, the format of the D/T

2 changes to display just the distance and estimated time of arrival for the

active waypoint and for the last waypoint in the flight plan.

13.8 The Distance/Time 3 Page (D/T 3)

When any flight plan page is displayed on the left side and the D/T 3 page

is displayed on the right side, the distance and desired track (DTK) are

displayed. The distances are as described for the D/T 1 page. The

desired track is the great circle course between two waypoints. You

should view the diagram in Appendix A of the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide if you

are unfamiliar with this term.

If a non-flight plan page is displayed on the left side, the format of the D/T

3 page changes to display just the distance and desired track for the

active waypoint and for the next waypoint in the flight plan. Note that

this is different than for the D/T 1 and D/T 2 pages.

13.9 The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4)

The format of the D/T 4 page does not change. It displays on a single

page the pertinent times for the flight regardless of what is displayed on

the left page and regardless of whether flight plan or Direct To operation is

occurring. The information displayed on the D/T 4 page is the following:

• The destination waypoint

• The selected time zone. The time zone may be changed by pressing the

right C and using the right inner knob to select the desired time zone.

• DEP -The departure time. There are two definitions of departure time

depending on what has been selected on the Setup 4 page (SET 4). If

the SET 4 page displays RUN WHEN GS > 30 KT, then the departure

time is that time when the groundspeed first reached 30 knots. If the

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SET 4 page displays RUN WHEN POWER IS ON, then the departure

time is the time when power was applied to the KLN 90B. The SET 4

page may be changed by pressing the left C while the SET 4 page is

displayed on the left side and then rotating the left inner knob. Press the

left C again to turn the left cursor function off.

• TIME -The present time. The time may be reset on the Self Test page at

system turn-on or on the SET 2 page at any time.

• ETA - The estimated time of arrival at the destination waypoint.

• FLT - The flight time. If RUN WHEN GS > 30 KT is selected on the SET

4 page, then flight time is the amount of time that the aircraft’s ground-

speed has been above 30 knots. Normally, this will be the time since

takeoff. However, time spent at groundspeeds less than 30 knots such

as intermediate stops without shutting down power or helicopter hov-

ering is not counted as flight time. If RUN WHEN POWER IS ON is

selected on the SET 4 page, then flight time is the time since power on.

ETE - Estimated time enroute to the destination waypoint.

14.0 ALTITUDE ALERTING

If your aircraft does not already have an altitude alerting capability you

may wish to use the KLN 90B’s capability of assisting you with altitude

management during your flying. Altitude alerting allows you to select a

target altitude and it then provides you with an aural alarm 1000 feet prior

to reaching the selected altitude, another aural alarm upon reaching the

selected altitude, and another aural alarm if you deviate from the selected

altitude.

To use altitude alerting:

1. Press A. The Altitude page will be displayed on the left with the cursor

over the first two digits of the altimeter baro set field. The NAV 4 page

will be displayed on the right with the cursor over the first digit of the

selected altitude field .

NOTE: The units of the altimeter baro set may be changed on the SET 7

page.

2. Use the left knobs to update the altimeter baro setting if required. There

are three cursor positions. Use the left outer knob to move the cursor

and the left inner knob to change digits. With the proper altimeter baro

setting, the indicated altitude (IND) on the right should be the same of

the aircraft’s actual altimeter.

NOTE: There may be some difference (less than 100 feet) between the

indicated altitude (IND) and the aircraft’s actual altitude if the altitude input

to the KLN 90B is from an altitude encoder because these encoders only

provide altitude in 100 foot increments.

3. Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over

the ALERT: field. If OFF is displayed, turn the left inner knob to select

ON. When alerting is enabled, an arrow to the right of ON points to the

selected altitude on the right side of the screen.

4. Select a warn altitude by using the left outer knob to position the cursor

over the WARN: field. Use the left inner knob to select the desired warn

altitude. It is selectable in one hundred foot increments up to 900 feet.

Normally, you will use the same warn altitude all the time so you only

have to enter this the first time you use altitude alerting. The recom-

mended warn altitude is 300 feet.

5. Enter the selected altitude one digit at a time in the SEL field of the NAV

4 page by using the right outer knob to position the cursor over the

desired digit and the right inner knob to change the digits until the entire

selected altitude is displayed .

Only the selected altitude field (SEL) and the indicated altitude (IND) of

the NAV 4 page are used for altitude alerting. The rest of the NAV 4 page

is used for vertical navigation which is described in section 5.2 on the KLN

90B Pilot’s Guide.

6. Press A to return to the pages previously being displayed.

7. The aural alarm activates as follows:

• 1000 feet prior to reaching the selected altitude - alert by three

short tones

• Upon reaching the selected altitude - alert by two short tones

• Deviating above or below the selected altitude by more than the

warn altitude - alert by four short tones

NOTE: Due to the resolution of the altitude input, it may be necessary to

descend slightly below or climb slightly above the selected altitude before

the two tones are activated indicating that the selected altitude has been

reached. This selected altitude alert must be activated to arm the system

for providing the altitude deviation alert.

The KLN 90B can provide the aural alarm tones in either of two ways: it

may be connected to an audio input of an audio amplifier contained in an

audio panel so that the aural alarm is heard through the aircraft’s speaker

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and headphones. Or the KLN 90B may be interfaced with an external

tone generator installed in the aircraft.

In order to use altitude alerting, the KLN 90B must have an altitude input.

If the altitude input is from an altitude encoder or from an air data com-

puter not having a baro altitude output, then it will be necessary for you to

manually input the proper altimeter setting in order to get accurate

alerting. Remember, the altitude coming from an encoder is pressure alti-

tude and must be corrected with the proper altimeter setting to convert to

actual altitude. This altimeter setting is easily accomplished by entering

the altimeter baro setting on the Altitude page. Press A to display the

Altitude page. Use the left knobs to make the altimeter baro setting.

Press A again to return to the pages previously being displayed. It’s so

easy you have no excuses for not keeping the baro setting updated!

CAUTION: The altitude alerting feature will only be accurate if the

altimeter baro correction is kept updated. If altitude alerting is used,

it is a good idea to update the altimeter baro set on the ALT page

each time you make a change to the aircraft’s altimeter setting.

The volume of the aural alarm tone is changeable on the SET 9 page.

Press the left C to activate the left cursor and use the left inner and

outer knobs to select a desired value between 00 and 99. Increasing

numbers increases the volume.

15.0 UPDATING THE DATABASE

The database is housed in a cartridge which plugs directly into the back of

the KLN 90B. It is designed so that there are two ways for the user to

keep the database current. AlliedSignal General Aviation Avionics

(ASGAA) makes these two types of update services available to you in a

choice of several subscription or random update programs. See the

KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide for details on these programs.

The first method of database update is to remove the old cartridge and

insert a current cartridge. This method involves returning the old cartridge

to ASGAA. This method is described in this section of the manual but

more detailed instructions are presented in section 2.4.2 of the KLN 90B

Pilot’s Guide. Because of the wide range of shipping costs and

import/export regulations for different countries, this method is available

for use only in the United States.

The second is to electronically update the database by means of 3.5”

diskettes supplied by ASGAA and a laptop computer. This method does

not involve removing the KLN 90B from the aircraft’s instrument panel. A

data port, usually mounted in the aircraft’s instrument panel, provides a

means of interfacing the KLN 90B with the computer via an interface

cable. The diskettes are not returned to ASGAA. This method of update

is for use anywhere in the world that diskettes may be shipped. Directions

for updating the database using a laptop computer are contained in sec-

tion 2.4.1 of the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide.

In order to utilize the first method of database update, exchanging the

KLN 90B cartridge, it is necessary to remove the KLN 90B from the air-

craft’s instrument panel. The KLN 90B and the mounting rack have been

designed to provide for easy removal. Follow these steps to update the

KLN 90B database by removing the old cartridge and inserting the new

cartridge:

• Insert the KLN 90B insertion/removal tool (supplied with unit) in the small

hole located on the right side of the front of the unit. A standard 3/32

inch Allen wrench may also be used.

• Turn the tool counterclockwise until the locking mechanism becomes

loose, and then continue turning counterclockwise until it just barely

begins to become snug. Do not turn so far counterclockwise that the

mechanism starts to bind and can no longer be turned.

• The KLN 90B should now be loose from the rack. Pull the unit out of the

the rack by pulling on the sides of the radio’s front panel. DO NOT

REMOVE BY PULLING ON THE KNOBS.

• Remove the old database cartridge by pulling it straight out the back of

the KLN 90B.

• Remove the new database cartridge from its shipping container. Note

that the label on the cartridge indicates which side is up and which end

to insert into the KLN 90B. Insert the new cartridge into the back of the

unit . When the cartridge is properly inserted, the “Insert To Here”

marking on the label can just be seen protruding from the rear of the

KLN 90B.

• Make sure that the front lug of the locking mechanism is in the up posi-

tion. Insert the KLN 90B back in the rack as far as it will go.

• Re-insert the insertion/removal tool. Turn the tool clockwise until snug.

The KLN 90B should now be locked back into the mounting rack.

• The container which was used to ship the new cartridge to you is used

to return the old cartridge back to ASGAA. A return shipping label is

included in the container. Remove the backing from the label and place

it in the address position of the shipping container.

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• Insert the old cartridge into the container. Peel off the protective backing

from the adhesive on the end flap on the container. Press the flap

against the adhesive to seal the container.

• Please return the old cartridge promptly by mailing immediately at any

mailbox. No postage is required if mailed from within the U.S. Users

will be billed for cartridges not returned, and no additional cartridges will

be sent until either the old cartridge or payment for the old cartridge is

received.

16.0 ITEMS NOT COVERED IN THIS MANUAL

Be sure to take the time to read through the KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide. In

some cases more detail is provided on subjects covered in this manual.

Hundreds of illustrations are used to make learning to use the KLN 90B as

easy as possible. In addition, the Pilot’s Guide describes many very

useful KLN 90B features you will want to learn to use which are not cov-

ered in this manual. Some of these features include:

• Non-precision approach operations

• SID/STAR selection and use

• Database coverage areas

• RAIM prediction

• Finding waypoints when the identifier isn’t known by entering the name

or city

• Trip planning

• VNAV operation

• Displaying the nearest FSS and frequency

• Displaying the ARTCC and frequency for the aircraft’s present position

• Creating “Reference” waypoints

• Creating ARTCC “Center” waypoints

• Pressure and density altitude calculations

• True airspeed (TAS) calculations

• Wind speed and direction calculations

• Updating the database using a laptop computer

• Using the Height Above Airport feature

• Displaying sunrise and sunset for any waypoint

• Other mode of operation - “OBS”

• Viewing the status of the GPS satellites

• Sample trips

• And much more !

Honeywell Aerospace

Business and General Aviation

Honeywell International Inc.

One Technology Center

23500 West 105th Street

Olathe, KS 66061

Telephone: (913) 712-0400

FAX: (913) 712-1302

www.honeywell.com

006-08774-0000

Rev. 1 06/97

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